Several inventions came into use including the steam engine. James Watt's steam engine spawned industrial textile work creating new towns and the need for skilled industrial workers.

Johann Heinrich Pestallozi became known as the "father of instructional analysis" and manual labor schools. Introduced psychological learning theories associated with stage theories of human development.

• Technique of analysis to order learning tasks derived from the study of objects in the natural and human worlds.
• Manual trades in Europe and America -- Children learned by engaging in real-life that also maintained the school through sales of farm and commercial products.

The Franklin Academy of Philadelphia was established to teach academic and practical subjects.

Sunday Schools are introduced in Philadelphia. Working children met on Sunday s for secular classes.

Fredrich Froebel ("Father of Kindergarten"). Froebel employed elements of reception, reflection, and student response in creative activities, as they are critical to the learning process. Emphasized selection and construction of objects of interest to the young learner.