Franklin Pierce, 1853-1857
1855

Elmira College was founded and became the 1st Women's college to require courses in domestic science and general household affairs. First Women's college to grant degrees. Elmira College now is strongly associated with the preservation of the works of Mark Twain.

1857

The National Education Association (NEA) was established. From 1857 to 1870 the organization was known as the National Teachers Association.